ESL teaching methodologies Free Essays

The techniques and approaches found in TESOL differ dramatically from those of other areas of teaching because of its student centred and dynamic nature. Furthermore, since TESOL takes place in a multicultural environment; that is, the ESL classroom, intercultural aspects should also be considered, addressed, and ideally, taught. As a result, the cultural diversity found in TESOL and the interactive nature of this field of teaching has an impact on the way language is presented and practised. We will write a custom essay sample on ESL teaching methodologies or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to the online articled Why to activate your ESL students’ Background Schema, published by Laura Greenwood (2011) on bridgetefl. com, â€Å"it is important to activate your students’ experiences with and knowledge of the topic of the listening/ reading†. By activating students’ schematta, the teacher is not only directing the students into the topic and creating interest in it but also encouraging them to use language in context. Additionally, experienced and creative ESL teachers may be able to pre-teach contextualized vocabulary whilst activating students’ schematta because any unknown lexical items found in listening and reading passages are in fact related to the topic of the text/listening, so the teacher has a context to teach (elicit) these words. Another important strategy adopted by ESL teachers is language elicitation. Rather than introducing a word by saying: â€Å"this is a word and that is what it means† or teaching a grammar point by simply telling the students its rules and form, TESOL teachers often use an essential technique called elicitation, through which students can be involved in the process of discovering and understanding anguage; that is, the teacher uses different techniques to elicit lexical items or grammatical structures that they want to introduce to their students. However, it is usually the case that ESL learners may not know the word or grammatical item that the teacher is trying to elicit, but they will at least know the concept of the linguistic item intended to be taught, which is still relevant, because knowing the concept of a word or grammar point is considered to be as important as knowing the form. Eliciting† (2009, section 4) states that there are cultures where students are more sed to a teacher centred way of knowledge instruction, which means that they see the teacher as the only person who has the authority to provide knowledge, therefore when eliciting language, TESOL teachers should consider the fact that students from these cultures are less likely to actively participate when the class are asked open questions (who can tell me†¦? Does anybody know†¦? ), and instead try to nominate students to answer questions more often. In fact, the ideal ESL teacher is described by Harmer, J. (2007, p. 08) as â€Å"one who is democratic rather than autocratic, and one who fosters learner autonomy through the use of group work and by acting more of a resource than a transmitter of knowledge†, which contradicts the role of the teacher in many cultures, where they are seen as the sole provider of knowledge. However, when activating schematta and eliciting language, which are essential techniques adopted in TESOL, the students’ input is vital, and in order to achieve that, different teachers with different personalities and teaching styles use different techniques to It is common knowledge that language and culture are interrelated, and through the language, English in this regard, ESL learners can, or ideally they should, acquire intercultural knowledge in order to communicate more competently. With this concept in mind, Ability English – an ELICOS centre in Sydney – included an intercultural communication program in their syllabus. Nicholas Kirk, who is the director of studies and designed the course, argues that â€Å"it is almost impossible to teach language in isolation from culture†, therefore he believes that cross-cultural ommunication should be taught in order to help ESL students use their language skills more effectively. Role plays, group activities, reading and listening passages, videos, among other resources and types of activities can be used to practise language skills (speaking, listening, reading, writing) and other linguistics elements, such as grammar, lexis, and pronunciation, while training students so that they can achieve intercultural competence. In other words, ESL teachers can raise students’ awareness to cross-cultural areas, including eye contact, personal space, body anguage, face-saving, individualism and collectivism, and concurrently, or possibly subsequently, use the contextualized content to practise and/or introduce language, enhancing not only their students’ language skills but also their interpersonal and interactional effectiveness. Having the language skills is undoubtedly necessary in order to be in contact with people from different cultures, but understanding such cultures is also important in this globalized world, especially in the workplace, since the ultimate goal of ESL learners is to be able to use English to successfully ommunicate with people from other cultural backgrounds. Considering the fact that TESOL allows more flexibility than in other fields of teaching, and that language is a vital element of culture, linguistic and cross-cultural aspects may be taught in conjunction by ESL teachers. In sum, I would like to stress that the teacher’s knowledge of the linguistic items being taught is unarguably important in TESOL, as it is in all areas of teaching; however, in the ESL teaching context, it is equally important to use a variety of ethods and strategies to get the students to actively participate in their learning process, since the ESL classroom is an environment where the focus is on the students, rather than on the teacher, resulting in more STT than TTT, which is a primary concept in TESOL. ESL students have one goal in common: to learn English to be able to communicate with people from different cultures, but due to multicultural nature of ESL classes, TESOL teachers need to be culturally sensitive, and if possible, in addition to teaching language, devote some time to training their students to be ore inter-culturally competent to help them use language in a multicultural context more effectively. How to cite ESL teaching methodologies, Papers

Brief Description Of Edward Teller Essay Example For Students

Brief Description Of Edward Teller Essay Edward TellerEdward Teller is a Hungarian-American physicist, known for his work on the hydrogen bomb. Teller was born in Budapest in 1908, and was educated in Germany at the Institute of Technology in Karlsruhe and at the universities of Munich and Leipzig. He received his Ph. D. in physics in 1930. After working at the University of Goettingen with James Frank and at the Niels Bohr Institute, he became Professor of Physics at the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. in 1935. In 1941 he became an American citizen. In the same year he joined the U.S. atomic bomb development project known as the Manhattan Project. For more than a decade he worked with the Italian-born physicist Enrico Fermi on this and succeeding projects at Columbia University, at the University of Chicago, and at Los Alamos, New Mexico. Edward Teller managed Los Alamos research on the Super, as he called the hydrogen bomb. Destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan and the end of World War II slowed Super research. Teller, a strong anti-Communist and sensitive to U.S. and Soviet relations, pushed unsuccessfully to accelerate work on a super-bomb. He was frustrated by the post-war direction of Los Alamos. He accepted a University of Chicago professorship and left Los Alamos in October 1945. In April 1946, Teller returned to Los Alamos and led a secret conference on the Super. The conference reviewed his earlier work on fusion, which led to his full-time return to Los Alamos in 1949 to continue research on the hydrogen bomb. On January 31, 1950, President Truman approved hydrogen bomb development and testing, partly as a result of the first Soviet atomic test the previous August. In 1952 he became professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, and director of the Livermore, California, division of the universitys radiation laboratory (now Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory). He was the principal architect of the hydrogen bomb, first tested in 1952, and he strongly advocated that the United States continue the testing of thermonuclear weapons. He also made contributions to the application of nuclear explosives to peaceful uses. From 1954 to 1958, he served as Associate Director at the new Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. He became a consultant to the laboratory in 1952.In 1975 he retired from teaching, but remained director emeritus of the radiation laboratory. After working on the production of the atomic bomb in the Manhattan Project, Edward Teller went on to become the principal designer of the hydrogen bomb. He remained a steadfast advocate of nuclear weapons testing throughout his life. In recent years, Teller has championed the Star Wars missile defense system, despite the fact that such a system is very expensive and has no conceivable way of working. Teller has written a few books. His books include Conversations on the Dark Secrets of Physics (Plenum Press, 1991), Better a Shield Than a Sword (Free Press, 1987), Pursuit of Simplicity (Pepperdine Press, 1980), and Energy from Heaven and Earth (W. H. Freeman, 1979). Teller has received numerous honors, among them the Albert Einstein Award, the Enrico Fermi Award, the Harvey Prize from the Technion-Israel Institute, and the National Medal of Science.Biographies

The Role of Bum That Others Have Marked Out for Him free essay sample

Terry overcomes the role of bum that others have marked out for him, do you agree? Terry is the main character in the movie, ‘On the Waterfront’. Terry is called a bum many times throughout the movie, for different reasons. Terry tries to convince himself that he is not a bum, although he opens up towards the end of the movie, and finally admits that he is one. Terry’s brother Charley and Johnny Friendly are shown to be responsible for Terry’s role as a bum. Although it is open to interpretation, Terry seems to overcome this role in the last scene of the movie.At first, Terry is a young man with no real path or ambition in life, which shows the viewer that Terry doesn’t seem to know who he is or where he is going in life. Terry is part of Friendly’s ‘gang’, although he doesn’t really seem to fit in anywhere. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Bum That Others Have Marked Out for Him or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Chapter 9 gives us the first meaning on the word bum. Rummy (the drunk) asks Edie and Terry for change, and to keep Rummy from opening his mouth about Terry’s role in Joey’s death, Terry throws change at him. This is when Rummy says, ‘You don’t have to buy me. You’re still a bum. From this quote, we see that Terry is called a bum because of what he has done to Joey and his position in Friendly’s gang. This shows the viewer that everyone thinks of Terry as a bum, even the ‘bums’ themselves. Chapter 13 gives us another meaning of bum, when Edie says ‘Pop says Johnny Friendly used to own you – well, I think he still owns you no wonder everyone calls you a bum. ’ This is open to interpretation, as Edie could mean that Terry is a bum because he is not his own person, or because he is still part of Friendly’s gang.Terry seems to be looked down on morally because of his position in Friendly’s gang – which shows us what people think of Friendly. Terry never takes responsibility for his role as a bum, as he blames is on his brother Charley when he says, ‘You was my older brother, Charley you shoulda looked out for me’. Terry really believes that he could have had class, and he could have been a contender. He shows us this when he says, ‘ I could have been somebody instead of a bum, which is what I am, let’s face it. ’ We know that Charley takes responsibility for this due to the addened look on his face and the rising in music. When Charley then gives Terry his gun and says, ‘You’re gonna need it’, we know that Terry is going to defy Friendly – which is part of his task in overcoming the role of bum. It is open to consideration whether it is Terry’s conscience, Edie and Father Barry or Charley’s death that really helps Terry overcome his role of bum. Although all of these characters seem to play a part. Terry shows the viewers that he is starting to overcome it in the third scene of the movie, because we can see that Terry feels guilty for his role in Joey’s death.Although, his guilty conscience really starts to bother him when he meets Edie. We can see by the anguish and sadness on Terry’s face when Edie calls him a ‘bum’, that he wants to be who Edie wants him to be. Father Barry also plays a part in Terry’s change of character, because he sticks by Terry and stops him from doing things he will regret like ‘taking it out of their skulls’. Charley’s death was like the push for Terry. Terry wanted to get back at Friendly, and he decided to ‘fight him in the court room with the truth’.Even though Terry’s so-called friends decided to ignore him, Terry had done the right thing morally and he had broken away from Friendly’s gang. This is when Terry really feels like he has overcome his role of bum, ‘they always said I was a bum well I ain’t a bum. I’m gonna go down there and get my rights. ’ From this point on, he wears Joey’s jacket – which symbolises all the people who were going to tell the truth and do the right thing. It is also open to consideration whether Terry actually overcomes this role. He seems to overcome it, although the last scene when the door closes on the longshore men could confuse some viewers.We don’t know if Terry has really overcome his role – because although he has done the right thing morally, the longshore men still looked down on him, because he didn’t stick to D and D. Even Tommy looked down on Terry when he throws a dead pigeon at Terry and says, ‘a pigeon for a pigeon’. Although, it all changes in scene 28 when Father Barry says, ‘You lost the battle. But you have a chance to win the war’- and Terry wins this war by leading the longshore men into the workshop and leaving Johnny Friendly isolated. The end scene confuses some viewers, because when they all walk back into the workshop – they seem to be going back to their old life, with no change at all. Therefore, it is hard to know whether the longshore men would make the same mistake by not standing up for themselves. To most viewers, Terry does overcome his role of bum that his brother Charley and Friendly have marked out for him. He does this by breaking away from Friendly’s gang, learning what is morally right and wrong, standing alone and fighting for the truth – and finding himself in the process.

Ideological Film Analysis Essays

Ideological Film Analysis Essays Ideological Film Analysis Essay Ideological Film Analysis Essay Social inequality and unfairness are rampant instances that can be depicted on the position quo. These really act as culprits of intractable offenses in our societal surroundings. These are so the catalyze for the spread pf catching disease in the society- -disparity. And even in the game of love. these have been proven to be the barrier that creates a greater disparity among the societal positions of our society. From the movie entitled Wedding Crashers. the above-named scenario was clearly exemplified. Having the fact that the two cats. who act as the nuptials unwelcome guests. are common mans and the household of the misss they are eying for belong to the alta sociedad. the difference between the two becomes seeable. When the two nuptials unwelcome guests clashed with the girl of a household under the spell of political kingdom. the two different universes coincide portraying the different scenarios that genuinely go on in the society. The narrative is fundamentally about a brace of friends who work in a jurisprudence house and were involved in assorted instances sing divorce. This experience made them recognize what nuptials can merely convey to them and making serious about it is non their program. Therefore. the avocation of being marrying unwelcome guests become the result of their day-to-day experience and scoring maid of honors turn out to be a norm in their life. Until one twenty-four hours the spouses in offense ( Jeremy Klein and John Beckwith ) bumped into the world that non all of what they are making will merely take them to a laugh-out-loud experience and eternal rhythm of scoring adult females. The amusing life they ever anticipate turns out to be a large pandemonium that both of them do non cognize how to give solution into it. Never did they conceive of that a incorrect party they will oppress into will come along their manner and do them make up ones mind to halt eventually what they have planned and done habitually. The quandary comes in when they crashed into the marrying party of the girl of the Nation’s Secretary of Treasury and eventually fell in love with two of its sisters. Gloria ad Claire Cleary- a primary regulation they should neer interrupt but necessarily did. Belonging to the different faces of the society with different category position. political political orientation. sociological background an 500 points of position they are believing into. the the spouses in offense necessitate to make up ones mind whether or non they should still contend for the what they think is right or for what everyone else dictates them to be right. Taking into consideration their routinary life of cashing into the the nuptials. seducing and chat uping with whoever misss will be attracted to their machismo. now being crucially involved in a household dominated by political kingdom. the best of friends have to do a pick whether to turn their dorsum to what their past life brings them and eventually encompass a new life cheapness is perfectly different from the 1 they get used to because of love. But small did they know that the yesteryear they are seeking to get away from will be the hinderance that will endanger their manner towards prosecuting their love. The movie conveys the societal surroundings we are into: the art of seduction. the different societal strata. the effective influence of household upbringing and orientation. the quandary between earnestness. mere attractive force and field sex. and the equivocal disparity among working categories under the influence of political relations. The movie may portray a amusing scenario that we do encounter in our day-to-day life. But that is merely on the superficial portion. What we do non see is the deepness of the issues behind all of the laughters and amusing scenes. What we do non pay attending with is really what we need to analyse in the film. And what we do non hear after the gags being cracked and humourous lined being delivered is the true orientation of the disparity in the society. Appearance must non be regarded as the exclusive world. Not all we perceive as humourous in the superficial portion will still be consistent with that of the inside informations we have non encounter yet. True. the film is amusing! To crash into a nuptials merely to score adult females might look merely like an ordinary scene in the society. But to crash into a nuptials of a high-toned household belonging to a celebrated political icon and fell in love necessarily to its girl is another narrative. The disparity in the society sneakily reeks everyplace. And an effectual Panacea for this malady merely lies in our rational judgement and making off from the superficial word picture of the world. And of class. non merely mere comprehending that humourous thing can non meet a quandary brought by the societal unfairness.

Time on Your Hands

Time on Your Hands Time on Your Hands Time on Your Hands By Maeve Maddox For me, January is a time for thinking about time. The month is named for Janus, the Roman god depicted as having two faces. The double visage represents the power to see into the past and the future. Because of this attribute, Janus was the patron of beginnings. Our word time has been in the language since Old English times. It occurs in numerous idioms such as time of day, time-travel, time-keeper, time-limit, about time, and to have a good time. Before any of our British readers object to that last one as a vile Americanism, according to the OED, to have a good time ( = a time of enjoyment) was common in Eng. from c 1520 to c 1688; it was app. retained in America, whence readopted in Britain in 19th c. Another word for time, Greek khronos, has also been put to good use in English in the form of the word elements chron and chrono. Here are just a few, some more useful than others. anachronism: the erroneous reference of an event, circumstance, or custom to a wrong date. For example, Shakespeare’s plays contain numerous anachronisms. In Julius Caesar, set in Roman times, a character counts the chimes of a mechanical clock. References to clothing often indicate that Shakespeare’s actors performed in contemporary Elizabethan garb, no matter what the historical setting of the play. If you want to get really picky, here are some words to narrow down the type of anachronism you mean: parachronism: an error in chronology, esp. the placing of an event later than its real date. Metachronism has the same meaning. prochronism: an error in chronology that places an event earlier in time than its true date. The next three words are used in the study of linguistics. achronic lasting through time, or during the existing period. In linguistics the term means â€Å"pertaining to or designating a method of linguistic study concerned with the historical development of a language; historical, as opposed to descriptive or synchronic.† panchronic: designating or relating to a linguistic structure or theory that may be applied to all languages at all stages of their development. synchronic: pertaining to or designating a method of linguistic study concerned with the state of a language at one time, past or present; descriptive, as opposed to historical or diachronic. Then we have chronic lasting a long time, long-continued, lingering; said of diseases chronicle: a detailed and continuous register of events in order of time. It can also be used as a verb, to chronicle. chronobiology: the scientific study of temporal or periodic phenomena in biology. This is the word that set me off on this theme. I encountered it in a New York Times story: Dr Michael Smolensky, an expert in chronobiology (the study of the bodys natural rhythms and cycles) at the University of Texas at Houston, says that people who live in countries that are cold in winter eat more than they do in warmer seasons: â€Å"Adults typically consume 6 to 7 per cent more calories in the winter.† chronological: arranged according to time dendrochronology: the science of arranging events in the order of time by the comparative study of the annual growth rings in (ancient) timber. isochron: a line (imaginary or on a map) connecting points at which some chosen time interval has the same value. Planning a complex novel might lead a writer to make a chart with isochrons. monochronic: relating to or dating from a single period of time. pseudochronism: Obs. rare a false dating; an error in date. synchronicity: Carl Jung used this word to name the phenomenon of events which coincide in time and appear meaningfully related but have no discoverable causal connection. synchronize: To cause to be, or represent as, synchronous; to assign the same date to; to bring together events, etc. belonging to the same time. I’ll always associate this word with old movies. The plan requires each member of a group to perform separate actions at the same moment. Before initiating the plan, the leader of the good guys gives the command, â€Å"Synchronize your watches!† Some more ‘time† expressions in English: Time, Gentlemen, Please More â€Å"chron† words Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Mostly Small But Expressive InterjectionsAt Your Disposal20 Ways to Cry

Personal Responsibility for College Success after 50 Essay

Personal Responsibility for College Success after 50 - Essay Example Despite the many forms of academic support, personal responsibility plays a significant role in college success. Most emphasis lies on out of class work and studying. With pending duties other than education, one needs to utilize time efficiently (Blerkom, 2008). Students need to organize their time and activities properly in order to accomplish their objectives. One needs to set their priorities first in order to enhance both the mission and vision, after joining university (Groccia, 1992). Time management should also apply in the professional and social life of a student in order to ensure that one has enough time for family and work, which are also important. As mentioned earlier, university schedules vary from high school schedules. Universities lack a rigid timetable; therefore, management of time poses as a great challenge. The student benefits from organizational tools such as a timetable, calendar, folder and personal timetable. On the other hand, signing up for evening classes or weekend classes assist in time management. Sometimes the absence in class is inevitable, but one has to catch up and update their notes to avoid any backlog. Elderly students face a great challenge in college. With time as the greatest enemy, proper time management assists in prompt achievement of goals. Additionally, setting one’s priorities allows easy achievement of target objectives, which involves getting good grades and utter

Summary In Your Own Words Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary In Your Own Words - Essay Example The music and instrument were used to pass the beliefs, traditions, and customs of a society from generation to another. Moreover, the different type of music genre were associated to different social group and relayed important messages pertaining such group. The artists that used to play music instrument in the early days had a thorough knowledge of the instruments that defined each geographic characterises, such as African music, Asia and European music. The Procortesian music, for example, was classified into different ways; these includes ritual, war, and hunting religious and imitative music. The way the flute play in Asia was different as was done in Africa though using the same instrument. The dancing also was unique and differed during different occasions (Music Pre-Cuauhtemoc Era). Music in the ancient time was not for everyone as it has a divine and spiritual origin. Chroniclers who talk about music says that those who engaged in it behaved well and had great discipline of their native language and customs. In conclusion, the indigenous music had its important characteristics which include the use of interludes and introductions, music started with a tune before beginning, there was thematic unity, melodic variety and the use of different and antiphonal (Music Pre-Cuauhtemoc