M.A. English

Each course British Poetry British Drama British Novel Aspects of Language will involve one task of 100 imprints. This task be coach checked. Points: The TMAs are conceffred rrainly with surveying your application and comprehension of the course material. You are not required to imitate lumps of data from the course material yet to utilize the abilities of basic gratefulness that you may have procured throughout study. These assignments airn to educate just as to survey your performance.Please guarantee that you read the writings and the ccompanying study controls that we have arranged for you. Let rne rehash: you should peruse all the writings recommended. Do cause focuses as you to come. It there is anything you don't see, if it's not too much trouble ask your Counselor at the Study Center for explanation. When you can do the assignments sufficiently, you will be prepared to take the test Nith certainty. Directions: Before attclnpting the task please read the accompanying guideline s cautiously. 2 3 Read the nitty gritty instructicns about the assignments given in the Program Guide Elective Courses.Write your move 1 ro. aflle, full location and date on the upper right corner of the primary page of your reaction sheet(s). Compose the Course Title, Assignment Number and the Narne of the Study Center you are connected to in the middle ofthe first page ofyour reaction sheet(s). The highest point of the main page of your reaction sheet should seem as though this: Use just foolscap size paper for your reaction and label all the pages caref-ully. Compose the pertinent inquiry nuinber with each answer.You ought to write in your own penmanship Submission: T'he finished task ought to be sent to the Coordinator of the Study Center dispensed to you ty 3tr† March, 2aL4 gar Juty 2013 Session) and 30'h Sept 201 I (for January 2014 Session). It would be ideal if you respond the directions given in the Program Now read the accompanying rules cautiously before addressing the inquiries. Rules FOR TMA You will think that its helpful to remember the accompanying focuses: 1. Arranging: Read the task cautiously. Make a few focuses with respect to each address and afterward rework these in an intelligent order.And please compose the appropriate responses n your own words† Do not replicate entries from the units. 2. 0rganisation: Be somewhat more specific and systematic before drawing up an unpleasant framework of your answer. In a paper type question, focus on your presentation and end. The presentation must offer your short understanding of the inquiry and how you propose to create it. The end must sum up your reaction to the inquiry. Over the span of your answer, you may jump at the chance to make references to different writings or pundits as this will add some profundity to your analysis.Make sure that your answer: ) is intelligent and sound; b) has clear associations among sentences and sections; c) is composed effectively giving satisfactory t hought to your appearance, style and introduction; d) doesn't surpass the quantity of words demonstrated in your inquiry. 3. Introduction: Once you are happy with your answers. you can record the last form for accommodation, composing each answer conveniently parched underlining the focuses you wish to stress. You might know that you have to present your task hefore you can show up for the Term End Exams.Please make sure to keep a duplicate of your finished ssignment, Just on the off chance that the one you submitted is lost in travel. Good karma with your work! Note: Remember the accommodation of ussignment is precondition of consent of showing up in assessment. On the off chance that you have not presented the task in time you won't be permitted to show up in assessment. MEG-OI: BRITISH POETRY Program: MEG Max. Imprints: 1 Ast code: MEG-OI ,TMA12013-1 4 In a customary class your educator would have talked about your task with you, called attention to what made a decent exposition and what a terrible one. We have done the very same thing in Unit 52 of the British Poetry (MEG-OI) course.Read it cautiously and examine it with your guide and class-colleagues at the Study Center. From that point settle on a theme, I. e. a period or scholarly gathering throughout the entire existence of British verse. you may, on the off chance that you wish, select a subject from the rundown given in sz. z. t (p. 70) in Block X. On the other hand, you could compose on a British artist of your decision. you may compose on an artist talked about in the units, I. e. on the prospectus, or even an artist we have not examined in detail, for example, Robert Burns, G. M. Hopkins, R. S. Thomas, Ted Hughes or Seamus Heaney. You may have heard a portion of our talks on The Movement, Philip Larkin nd Ted Hughes on the EduSat.It may now be accessible on e-gyankosh on wmw. ignou. air conditioning. in You have one more decision. Compose a paper on a well known sonnet in English writing. Having choose your point, do your exploration and afterward read area 36. 5 in Unit 36 in Block VIII for a model article and an organization for introduction. you may figure out how to introduce your research project/sessional exposition from 36. 5. You should not cite from unacknowledged sou rces. To summarize, compose a paper on a period or a literarv bunch in British verse or a British artist or a British sonnet in around 3000 words on the model gave in 36. (in unit 36).The full checks for the exposition is 100. We anticipate perusing your sessional exposition. Genuinely yours Teacher MEG-02: BRITISH DRAMA (Based on Blocks 1-9) Program Code: MEG Assignment code: N{EG-02 120 1 3-201 4 Maximum Marks: Answer the fbllowing inquiries in 300 words each. Examine 2. the plot ot Dr. Faustus. l{ow would you rate A Mid,cummer Night's Dream 3. Clomment on the hesitant bowed of psyche of Hamlet. (10) 4. What highlights make Alchemisl a moral story? 5. How is Playboy applicable as a parody? today? 6. Remark on Pygmalion as a Shavian play. 7. What fbatures make Murder in the Catherlral a wonderful show? 8.Conrnrent on the title of 9. Pausing. tttr Discuss the subject of Look Back in Anger. 10. Irrorn among the plays you have perused pick any one that you have loved giving reasons lor your choice.Trace the advancement of present day English fiction with explicit referenc6 to the significant movements in abstract point of view during the nineteenth century. 20 2. Would it be right to state that in Tom Jones, Fielding considers mariage to be an ere financial course of action under which ladies feel constantly suppressed?Discuss. 3. Examine the allegory of the web with regards to occasions and individuals identifying with Bulstrode in Middlemarch. 4 Suggest the political and aesthetic ramifications ot setting the Orientalist worldview. 5. How does Realism ftnd articulation in ofl Passage to British fiction of the 1960s? Base your answer on your comprehension of The Prime of Miss Jea n Brodie. MEG. 04: ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE course code: All inquiries are obligatory Write short notes on any two of the accompanying. Fitness and performanceLangue and parole Conversion as a morphological gadget Falling tone and rising tone the end India inside stage. brietly the history ot language arranging snowing plainly the tocus at each Give your own definiti* of language. What are the qualities of human correspondence and how is it unique in relation to creature correspondence? 20 What is foregrounding? Examine this as far as freak models from your perusing of writing. ‘Pick out your own models; state how they are degenerate, and what is the effect on the peruser. What is the distinction between unadulterated vowels and diphthongs? How would you portray both?

Light and Dark Imagery in Macbeth Free Essays

Light and Dark symbolism in Macbeth A disaster play, composed by William Shakespeare, is Macbeth. This play is loaded up with symbolisms of light and obscurity. In the play Macbeth, Macbeth himself experiences a change in character. We will compose a custom exposition test on Light and Dark Imagery in Macbeth or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Toward the start of the play, he is respectable and steadfast, however with an end goal to be delegated lord, he is suffocated by eagerness and haziness. His rule of fear, driven by craziness and desire influences the characteristic request of the world and results in his passing and the rebuilding of the regular request. The change in Macbeth’s character from a respectable man to a dim figure is reflected by the symbolism of light and dim. During the initial three scenes of the main demonstration, Macbeth is missing and is just depicted by different characters. As an officer educates Duncan regarding Macbeth and Banquo’s execution on the front line, he says, â€Å"If I state sooth, I should report they were as guns cheated with twofold cracks† (I. ii, 40-41). This statement features Macbeth’s activities as a light character. Macbeth is depicted to be an incredible man and officer in battling for his ruler. In the wake of being recounted Macbeth’s job in the battling close Forres, Duncan articulates these commendations, â€Å"O valiant cousin! Commendable noble man! † (I. ii, 26). This is said in acknowledgment of the remarkable battling that Macbeth is accomplishing for his lord and nation. Great is equal with pictures of light, in this manner the great deeds of Macbeth are related with light symbolism. Whenever Macbeth at long last gets an opportunity to react to Duncan’s applauds, he says, â€Å"The administration and reliability I owe, in doing it, pays itself. † (I. iv, 25-26). Macbeth discloses to the lord that he doesn't require any longer installment than he as of now gets, as even only the fulfillment of battling for Duncan and his state is sufficient. Macbeth trusts himself to be a genuinely steadfast and honorable man. Now, Macbeth’s character is attached distinctly to pictures of triumph, yet this starts to change whenever Macbeth acknowledges extraordinary chance. Acknowledging aspiration and open door just as outside impact from Lady Macbeth makes the light inside Macbeth blur, in this way starting his change into obscurity. At the point when Macbeth says this: â€Å"This heavenly requesting can't be sick; can't be good†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (I. iii, 140-141), he starts to give the witches predictions more idea. The witches are depicted as the instruments of murkiness, and by thinking about their predictions, he darken the ight that he was encircled by, and turns into a somewhat darker character. During an aside, Macbeth says, â€Å"Stars conceal your flames; let not light observe my dark and profound desires†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (I. iv, 57-58). The statement speaks to Macbeth’s affirmation of his own dull musings and wants. This is his originally thought of following up on desire through decep tive methods, and imprints an obvious change in Macbeth as a light character. This solitary facilitates his change into a dim figure. At long last, Macbeth is depicted as dull and abhorrence when he says this, â€Å"Is this a blade which I see before me, the handle toward my hand? Come, let me grip thee. † (II. I, 40-41). Macbeth says this during the night wherein he would submit his first homicide and cross the final turning point. Tolerating the knife represents Macbeth concluding his choice to kill the man that had given him only grace. Maybe Macbeth was never as certified as he had appeared to be and was consistently a dull figure. What is known without a doubt however is that once Macbeth begins his rule as a dictator, he can't stop. In the wake of submitting a progression of killings, Macbeth has unarguably become a dull figure. In spite of the fact that it is in Macbeths own discourse that he asserts himself as a malicious man. At the point when Macbeth addresses Lady Macbeth, he states, â€Å"I am in blood ventured up until now, that I should swim no more. † (III. Iv, 167-168). He reflects upon his off-base doings by making a dull picture. The picture pictures Macbeth swimming in a stream of blood, having continued so far that it is simpler to proceed than to attempt to return back to where he began. At the point when Macbeth is educated regarding his wife’s demise by self destruction, his lone reaction is, â€Å"And every one of our yesterdays have lit simpletons the best approach to dusty passing. Out, out, brief flame! † (V. v, 24-25). The light and dim symbolism is very noteworthy here, as this specific expression is his method of saying her life was short, similar to that of a consuming flame. However, he shows an extraordinary absence of regret for his better half, and proceeds to clarify that all the past has done is lead stupid individuals to their graves. During Macbeth and Macduff’s last trade of words before their fight, Macduff tells Macbeth, â€Å"I have no words: My voice is in my blade, thou more bloody lowlife than terms can give thee out! (V. viii, 8-10). This statement is a case of how Macbeth is seen by his adversaries. He is seen as a bleeding lowlife. This perspective on him differentiations to past perspectives on him in that he is not, at this point a light character and he will bite the dust a genuine figure of obscurity. Macbeth is currently observed by others as, and concedes his self to be, a malevolent man. The play Macbeth is an account of the ascent and fall of a lamentable saint. Obviously the character Macbeth experiences an apparent change in character. Regardless of whether it because of the outside impact of the three witches, his significant other or his own desire, he is the person who settles on his choices. In the wake of exploiting opportunity by killing Duncan, he winds up executing a few people so as to dispense with doubts. He can't end his rule of dread, which would later bring about his own demise. The symbolisms of light and dull assume a huge job in speaking to Macbeth’s change from a solid and regarded military pioneer to a deadly dictator. Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Ed. Roy, Ken. Toronto: The most effective method to refer to Light and Dark Imagery in Macbeth, Papers

The First Amendment Essays - Freedom Of Expression, Censorship

The First Amendment No other popularity based society on the planet grants individual flexibilities to the level of the United States of America. Inside the most recent sixty years, American courts, particularly the Supreme Court, have built up a lot of lawful principles that completely secure all types of the opportunity of articulation. With regards to assessing how much we take preferred position of the chance to communicate our conclusions, a few individuals from society might be blameworthy of disregarding the limits of the First Amendment by freely culpable others through indecency or prejudice. Americans have built up a particular mien toward the opportunity of articulation from the beginning of time. The First Amendment plainly voices an incredible American regard toward the opportunity of religion. It likewise keeps the legislature from condensing the the right to speak freely of discourse, or of the press; or the privilege of the individuals serenely to amass and to request of the Government for a change of complaints. Since the early history of our nation, the insurance of essential opportunities has been absolutely critical to Americans. In Langston Hughes' sonnet, Opportunity, he accentuates the battle to appreciate the opportunities that he knows are legitimately his. He mirrors the American want for opportunity now when he says, I needn't bother with my opportunity at the point when I'm dead. I can't live on tomorrow's bread. He perceives the need for opportunity completely without bargain or dread. I think Langston Hughes catches the pith of the American foreigners' mission for opportunity in his sonnet, Opportunity's Plow. He precisely portrays American's as showing up with only dreams and building America with the expectations of finding more noteworthy opportunity or opportunity for the first time. He portrays how individuals of all foundations cooperated for one cause: opportunity. I chose Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 as an invented case of the shades of malice of control in a world that is getting uneducated. In this book, the administration persuades the open that book perusing is insidious on the grounds that it spreads unsafe sentiments and unsettles individuals against the administration. Most by far of individuals acknowledge this oversight of articulation without question and are substance to see and hear just the administration's promulgation. I discovered this upsetting yet sensible. Bradbury's shrouded resistance to this type of control was clear all through the book lastly won at long last when his principle character opposed the training of consuming books. Among the numerous types of fights are pickets, strikes, open talks also, rallies. As of late in New Jersey, in excess of a thousand network activists revitalized to draft a human spending that puts the necessities of poor people what's more, debilitated as a top need. Rallies are a successful methods for individuals to utilize their opportunities successfully to achieve change from the government. The right to speak freely of discourse is continually being tested as is confirm in a ongoing legal dispute where a Gloucester County school area blue-penciled audits of two R-evaluated motion pictures from a school paper. Prevalent Court Judge, Robert E. Francis decided that the understudy's privileges were damaged under the state Constitution. I feel this is an amazing forward leap for understudies' privileges since it limits article control of school papers by instructors and permits understudies to print what they feel is significant. A recently proposed charge (A-557) would forestall school authorities from controlling the substance of understudy distributions. Pundits of the bill feel that understudy columnists might be too youthful to even consider understanding the duties that accompany free discourse. This is an admirable statement; in any case, it would give a phenomenal chance to them to find out about their First Amendment rights that ensures free discourse and opportunity of the press. In his initiation address to Monmouth College graduates, Professor Alan Dershowitz of Harvard Law School safeguarded the expansive option to free discourse. He expressed, My message to you graduates is to attest your privileges, to utilize them capably and intensely, to contradict prejudice, to restrict sexism, to restrict homophobia and fanaticism of various sorts and to do as such inside the soul of the First Amendment, not by making an exemption to it. I concur that one should don't hesitate to talk straightforwardly as long as it doesn't legitimately or in a roundabout way lead to the mischief of others. One of the more disputable issues was the ongoing 2 Live Crew occurrence including foulness in rap music. Their record, As Nasty as They Wanna Be, was managed disgusting in government court. They were absolved of the charges and immediately turned into a free discourse saint. Albeit numerous stores pulled the collection, more than 2,000,000 duplicates sold because of the occurrence. I feel

Status of ASEAN integration process Research Paper

Status of ASEAN mix process - Research Paper Example In spite of the extension of ASEAN, its working standards and targets stayed unaltered all through this time. ASEAN is viewed as an intergovernmental association where its outside pastor is permitted to take choices based on unanimity and agreement. It tends to be seen that the vital nearness of US in the examined locales can't ensure the security of States present in Southeast Asia, particularly in the territories of psychological oppression, connivances and non-customary dangers. The improvement of ASEAN might be moderate and continuous however it has reliably being showing a tough move from focusing on solidness and territorial harmony to a lot nearer financial mix. The vision of the ASEAN goes a long ways past the two pages of the Bangkok statement that was set in 1967. A definitive objective of the announcement is to achieve a coordinated ASEAN people group that depends on regular provincial character. Keeping into thought the issues and downturns that influences an association, a few researchers contend that accomplishing effective coordination is far-fetched for ASEAN. There are troubles and deterrents loaded on the course of mix, which should be cleared earnestly. Anyway over the most recent couple of decades, ASEAN has effectively accomplished in the zones of thriving, security and steadiness of the locale. It has additionally effectively advanced monetary turn of events and local co-activity. It was for the sake of the ASEAN solidarity that Southeast Asia left its monetary competition a long ways behind. It has likewise taken a lead for making ASEAN provincial gathering, whose intention is to connect all its Asian-Pacific neighbors just because, for directing conversations as organized discoursed on various Asian security issues (Guan). The 23rd ASEAN highest point was hung on 0ctober 9, 2013. The conversation in the Summit was held under the subject of â€Å"Our

The Effects of Music on the Mind and Bo Essay Example For Students

The Effects of Music on the Mind and Bo Essay The Effects of Music on the Mind and Body Music is something that all individuals adore and appreciate tuning in to regular. Music is a tremendous piece of Americas culture and impacts a huge number of individuals consistently. Numerous individuals utilize this impact to pick up cash or acclaim; be that as it may, music can be utilized from multiple points of view than individual increase. There have been numerous ongoing investigations on the impacts of music on the psyche and body; these impacts are ordinarily positive and improve numerous components of ones body. The significant impacts are change in pulse, help in profitability, control of feeling, body/muscle development, ND cerebrum action. Numerous investigations of music have demonstrated that music can diminish tension and assists with other emotional wellness issues. Knight and Richard (2001) investigated the impact of narcotic music on members abstract and physiological feelings of anxiety following a subjective burdens including planning of an oral introduction. Huge increments in physiological pressure were accounted for the individuals who arranged the undertaking without music, while the nearness of music smothered noteworthy increments in emotional tension, systolic circulatory strain, and pulse. Various prior cleans has indicated the helpful impacts of music tuning in on work efficiency (Fox, 1971; Kirkpatrick, 1943; Woken, 1969). Introducing unessential natural boosts by method of sound system headsets (music and radio) is one manner by which work execution has indicated improvement. We will compose a custom exposition on The Effects of Music on the Mind and Bo explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The mind-set condition of unwinding best clarified the connection between the utilization of the music and profitability, and ecological impedance most viably clarified the connection between the utilization of music and hierarchical fulfillment. Commonality with the music and broken introduction were recommended as best in improving execution, turnover goals, authoritative fulfillment, and mind-set states. In conclusion, music can be utilized in different approaches to impact a human feelings. This can been seen through the numerous investigations performed by( name of some person). Through his examination, there had been extraordinary lean towards in the zone of music treatment and specialists and doctors have had the option to improve recuperation with patients. The most observable response to music is seen when Mozart is played, the patient quite often turns out to be progressively loose and appears to be increasingly open to communicate to the specialist. Different feelings, for example, fervor, outrage, and joy can be effectively prompted by playing a melody that the achieve has an enthusiastic bond with (main tune/detested tune). Through these various tests and studies researchers have had the option to gather numerous things about the impacts of music on the human psyche and body. They have made tremendous headways in treatment and hostile to uneasiness treatment, permitting specialists to assist more with peopling all the more proficiently. With the revelation that music helps efficiency, the normal individual can improve their work exertion. These realities point to the way that music is exceptionally advantageous to our way of life and we will keep on considering it and make the most of its advantages for whatever length of time that humankind exists.

MOVIES FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS

MOVIES FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS Movies for college students Home›Tips for Students›Movies for college students Tips for StudentsList of college filmsPerhaps movies are likely to exaggerate everything, but when it goes about a film that depicts crazy college life, that is 99% true. For a person who has already graduated, it is a nice chance to relive those good memories one more time and see what could have been done if it was not about uncertainty. Here is a list of college films where you will see crazy students, incredible parties and mad professors.Must-see College FilmsNATIONAL LAMPOON’S ANIMAL HOUSE (1978)Perhaps nobody can imagine college life without students’ brotherhood. The film shows us the local war between a fraternity and an evil dean who struggles to deprive students of their privileges. Even though the film is quite old, it is considered the best fraternity movie of the best fraternity movies.NATIONAL LAMPOON’S VAN WILDER (2002)The film about a spoiled campus star, Van Wilder, whose fathe r blocks his bank account and makes him start thinking about adult’s life. The main hero raises the campaign to get money for the tuition. The most interesting thing about Van Wilder is his fear of graduation, as in the college he is a superstar and behind the college walls â€" no one.GOOD WILL HUNTING (1997)A nice story about a simple janitor in a Massachusetts Institute of Technology who is more than just good in math. The film will definitely move you to tears.REVENGE OF THE NERDS (1984)There have always been college outcasts â€" students who came to college only for studying. Here you will see how this nerdy team joins the fraternity and struggles to change it according to their wishes. If only did they know what obstacles they would have to overcome.OLD SCHOOL (2003)If you have once been a student, you are always a student. Three pals decided to go back to the good old days and founded a fraternity near a local college. As it turns out, those crazy dudes proved that there is life in the old dogs yet.THE HOUSE BUNNY (2008)One of the most hilarious college films ever shot. A former playboy model joins the local sorority and resumes her student’s life.THE SOCIAL NETWORK (2010)There are a few good movies to watch that show you not only the positive aspects of college life but problems and dramas as well. Here you will see how Mark Zuckerberg is accused of stealing the most profitable internet idea ever.LEGALLY BLONDE (2001)What can be more cruel than a revenge? The revenge taken by an offended girl. Striving to win on her former boyfriend, the main heroine follows her insulter to Harvard Law School, where she joins a local sorority. Not one of the most popular movies to watch, but the final scenes will definitely surprise you.These are only a few college films that must be definitely seen regardless of age and status. If you are eager to know about even more movies depicting students’ life, you can always find them on Internet, on various websites.

Goodwill in business - Free Essay Example

1. Introduction Goodwill is an extremely interesting business phenomenon. It enables a firm to derive competitive advantage because of issues like reputation, stability, technical excellence, perceived quality and other intangibles, and thereby allows it to earn higher profits, than it would otherwise have, by selling its products or assets. While the need for valuation or accounting of goodwill does not arise in the normal course of a business or in its growth on a periodic basis, (because of the absence of physical assets to back it up), it becomes an extremely important aspect when a running business goes up for sale, or changes ownership, through mechanisms like mergers, or acquisitions. Goodwill can be considered from two different points of view: an economic and an accounting approach. The economic approach regards goodwill as the present value of the additional profits the acquiring company is expecting to gain in the future resulting from the acquisition. Th ese additional profits arise from a â€Å"favourable attitude towards the firm† and from synergies. From an accounting perspective, goodwill is the difference in valuation between the purchase price and the book value of the acquired firm. (Lycklama, 2006) The dilemma faced by accountants in valuing goodwill is best illustrated by the sign Albert Einstein had in his Princeton office that stated, â€Å"Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts.† (Bullen and Cafini, 2006) Businesses with strong goodwill are valued at prices much higher than the value of their net assets, the differentials being asked and paid because of the intrinsic ability of these businesses to earn profits higher than what their assets would warrant. The accounting of goodwill thus arises at the time of change of ownership of a business, pursuant to its sale, merger or acquisition, and on a regular basis thereafter. Countries have historically foll owed different ways of accounting for many items, including goodwill. The USA and UK, for instance, have adopted accounting treatments for goodwill that have sometimes been similar, and sometimes markedly different. The ongoing process of globalisation has affected accounting practices worldwide. Businesses have never been as globalised as they are today. Numerous corporations from developed, newly industrialised and developing countries operate on a global basis and need to create financial statements, using the accounting practices of their home country, as well as those existing in their areas of operations. The divergence in accounting practices of different countries necessitates not only the preparation of separate financial and accounting statements, but also the subsequent reconciliation of differences. The international accounting fraternity is now steadily moving towards global commonality in accounting practices and procedural reporting. The International Accounting Stand ards Board (IASB) has been working towards convergence of global accounting standards. Its mission is to develop and enforce a single set of global accounting standards, based on preparation of high quality, transparent and comparable financial statements for local and global users. The IASB has been working on compiling a stable set of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for first time users. The IFRS became mandatory for all publicly listed companies in the European Union in 2005, and was also adopted by other advanced nations like Australia. The IASB has also been working very closely with the US Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), since 2002, to bring about convergence between US GAAP and the IFRS. However, significant work on harmonising IFRS with US GAAP has already occurred, and while some pending issues are currently under study for corrective action, the two systems are steadily approaching a state of convergence. â€Å"It is notable that some Eu ropean firms that have been using US GAAP but are now adopting IFRS report a relatively minor impact† (Higson and Sproul, 2005) in their financial statements. It is the purpose of this essay to study the accounting treatment of goodwill under US GAAP and the IFRS, especially the developments of the last ten years, and analyse the reasons for the various changes, not only to assess the current situation, but also to determine what to expect in future. 2. Commentary a. Goodwill under US GAAP Goodwill is an intangible asset and represents the difference between the cost of an acquisition and the fair value of its identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities. A recent analysis by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC) estimates that intangible assets accounted for approximately 75 % of the purchased price of acquired companies in recent years. The histories of accounting treatment for goodwill in the US and UK have followed roughly similar paths even though developme nts have not occurred at the same time. In the past, i.e., prior to 2001, companies in the US could structure acquisition transactions using a choice of â€Å"pooling-of interests† or purchase accounting method. The â€Å"pooling of interest† method for acquisitions and mergers allowed companies to refrain from distinguishing buyer and seller, and did not entail recording of the price of the acquisition. Goodwill valued by the company, in these circumstances, could be amortised in equal instalments over forty years. Changes occurred in the US accounting procedure with the issuance of two new accounting standards, 141 and 142. The â€Å"pooling of interests† method stood eliminated from June 30, 2001 and it became mandatory for all companies to use the purchase accounting method for all business accounting transactions. Requests from industry also led to the scrapping of the practice of amortising assets over forty years, especially by virtue of standard 142. Whi le goodwill thus became, in certain ways, a permanent asset, which would not reduce in value with the passing of years, it became essential for companies to test it for impairment every year to ensure that its value to the business, (as shown in the balance sheet), did indeed reflect its true worth. Under accounting standard 142, it became necessary to review goodwill for impairment, either at the operating level, meaning a business segment, or at a lower organisational level. Impairment must also necessarily be an annual accounting exercise, and can occur at even shorter intervals, if events indicate that the recoverability of the carrying amount needs reassessment. The procedure for assessment of impairment under IFS 142 comprises of two steps. The fist step involves a comparison of the computed fair value of a business segment with the carrying amount of the concerned unit, including the goodwill. In cases where the book value of the unit exceeds its fair value, no further exercise needs to take place and valuation of goodwill remains unchanged. If, however, the fair value of the reporting unit is lesser than its carrying amount, the procedure for treatment of impairment of goodwill requires application of a second step. Calculation of goodwill impairment, under US GAAP, occurs through the determination of the excess of the carrying amount of goodwill, over its fair value. The computation for this is simple and constitutes of determining the fair value of goodwill by allocating fair value to the various assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, similar to the procedure used for the determination of goodwill in a business combination. The calculated erosion in goodwill needs reflection in income statement as an impairment charge in the computation of income. In certain cases, negative goodwill can arise because of the fixation of a price less than that warranted by valuation of physical assets. US accounting procedures categorically specify the tre atment of negative goodwill. The excess of fair value over the purchase price, requires its allocation, on a pro rata basis, to all assets, other than current assets, financial assets, assets that have been chosen for sale, prepaid pension investments, and deferred taxes. Any negative goodwill remaining after this exercise finds recognition in financial statements as an extraordinary gain. b. The Position under IFRS Goodwill, in accounting treatment under the IFRS, has evolved through stages similar to US GAAP, and is not amortised any longer, as was the case in the past. While the basic principle of treatment of goodwill has become similar under both the methods, differences do exist in the â€Å"nuts and bolts† treatment of the issue at the ground level, in the actual preparation of financial statements. IFRS procedures, like US GAAP, have phased out the method of â€Å"pooling of interests† for accounting of acquisitions and business combinations, and requi re the application of the â€Å"purchase† accounting concept. Many national GAAPs allowed the use of pooling, as was also the case in IFRS, under IAS 22, in the absence of identification of an acquirer. IFRS 3, which became applicable from March 31, 2004, however made it mandatory for EU companies to identify the acquirer, adopt the purchase method of accounting for accounting of business combinations, and discontinue amortisation of goodwill for accounting periods beginning after that date. Nowadays, the acquirer, at the date of the acquisition, needs to allocate the cost of the business combination by recognizing, at fair value, the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquiree, as well as those of minority shareholders. The difference between purchase price and value of net assets comprises the money paid for goodwill. In certain cases, some intangible assets form part of the assets acquired for the business combination. These become eligible for separate recognition on the fulfilment of certain conditions, to elaborate, these assets they need to be separately identifiable, controlled by the entity, capable of yielding future economic benefits, and have values capable of measurement. IFRS procedures stipulate that goodwill, on an ongoing basis, will be subject to measurement at cost, and annual tests for impairment, in accordance with IAS 36. This is a significant departure from the provisions of IAS 22, which treated goodwill as a wasting asset, needing amortisation over a specific period. Negative goodwill, as stated earlier, arises when the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the company. While its occurrence is rare, it can well arise in the case of acquisition of loss-making units, or if a distress sale gives a company the opportunity to acquire a bargain. Negative goodwill, as per IFRS 3, needs immediate recognition in the profit a nd loss statement for the period. This requirement also differs significantly from previous accounting practice that allowed the allocation of negative goodwill over a range of assets, or allowed it to be amortised over a period. Goodwill, as stated earlier, is not eligible for amortisation, with effect from March 31, 2004, under IFRS procedures and is now considered to be an asset with indefinite life. It however requires the application of a stringent impairment test, either annually, or if the need arises, at shorter notice, for assessment of erosion in value. In the event of impairment, the Profit and Loss Account is charged with the computed impairment amount to ensure the immediate highlighting of poorly performing acquisitions. The accounting treatment of goodwill, as stipulated by IFRS 3, is not that of a steadily wasting asset, but one with indefinite life; and with a value linked to the performance of the unit. The test for impairment of goodwill under the IFRS, unli ke US GAAP, occurs at the level of the Cash Generating Unit, or a group of CGUs, representing the lowest level at which internal managements monitor goodwill. The IFRS also stipulates that the level for assessing impairment must never be more than a business or a geographical segment. The test is a one-stage process wherein the recoverable amount of the CGU is calculated on the basis of the higher of (a) the fair value less costs to sell or (b) the value in use, and then compared to the carrying amount. In case the assessed value is lesser than the carrying cost, an appropriate charge is made to the profit and loss account. The goodwill appropriated to the CGU is reduced pro rata. The IFRS requires detailed disclosures to be published regarding the annual impairment tests. These include the assumptions made for these tests, and the sensitivity of the results of the impairment tests to changes in these assumptions. M/s Radebaugh, Gray and Black, in their book â€Å"International Accounting and Multinational Enterprises† stress that these disclosures help in giving shareholders and financial analysts more information about acquisitions, their benefits to the acquiring company and the efficacy and reasonableness of impairment reviews. Both the IFRS and US GAAP have certain commonalities in the accounting treatment of intangible assets. In case of acquisitions, managements are enjoined to isolate specific intangible assets and value them separately from goodwill. All these assets have to be identified, valued and indicated separately in the balance sheet. The list of intangible assets that need to be recognised separately, because of IFRS 3, is extensive and includes a host of things like patents, brands, trademarks and computer software. IFRS 3 demands that the identification and valuation of intangible assets should be a rigorous process. Experts however feel that while valuing intangibles is essentially associated with subjectivity, logical mental application and the use of working sheets should be able to satisfy the demands of regulators. IAS 38 deals with a number of issues that pertain to intangible assets other than goodwill. This standard, as per experts, represents a major change from previous practice. It allows firms to capitalise some internally generated intangible assets, and attempts to correct the incompleteness of previous accounting practices in this regard. This argument, however, very possibly exaggerates its implications because IAS 38 primarily tries to recognise a wider range of acquired intangibles, but only at the expense of residual goodwill, and maintains a continuum with the historical British approach of treating internally developed intangibles as expenses. Items like Research and Development Costs in Process, costs that were ineligible for recognition before the acquisition, are now allowable as capital items in the balance sheet of the acquirer. On initial recognition as part of the acquisitio n process, the cost of the intangible is measured as the fair value at the date of acquisition. The fair value of an intangible assert is the amount the entity would have paid for the asset at the acquisition date in an arm’s length transaction between knowledgeable and willing parties, on the basis of the best information available. (IFRS and US GAAP, 2005) IFRS procedures call for expensing of all research cost. Assessment of development costs for the purpose of valuation for long-term benefits is now essential for their amortisation over their determined benefit period. Capitalisation of development costs is allowed only when development efforts result in the creation of an identifiable asset, e.g. software or processes, whose beneficial life and costs can be measured reliably. If however a Research and Development project is purchased, IFRS provides for the treatment of the whole amount as an asset, even though part of the cost reflects research expenses. In the case o f further costs being incurred on the project after its purchase, research costs will need to be expensed out while development costs will be eligible for capitalisation, subject to their meeting the required criteria. US GAAP however stipulates that all Research and Development costs be immediately charged to expenses. Certain development costs pertaining to website and software development are however allowed to be capitalised. Research and Development assets, if acquired are valued at fair value under the purchase method. However if the assets do not have any alternate use they are immediately charged to expense. 3. Conclusion Both methods of accounting, US GAAP and IFRS, while they have taken different routes, and have changed their accounting standards at different times, have now arrived at similar positions in the treatment of a number of items, including valuation and treatment of goodwill. The differences that exist today in this area are primarily in the area of d etailing, methods of computation and in the treatment of individual components of the accounting requirements, like for example, in the computation of impairment of goodwill. Both PWC and Deloitte publications opine that US GAAP will most probably move further towards the IFRS position intangible assets as part of the ongoing convergence exercise. Bibliography Bullen, H, and Cafini, R, 2006, Accounting Standards Regarding Intellectual Assets, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Retrieved April 16, 2007 from unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/ia10.pdf FASB: Financial Accounting Standard Board, 2006, Retrieved April 16, 2007 from www.fasb.org IFRS and US GAAP, 2005, IAS Plus Deloitte, Retrieved April, 2007 from deloitte.net/dtt/cda/doc/content/dtt_audit_iasplusgl_073106.pdf Higson, C and Sproul, M, 2005, Coping with IFRS, London Business School, Retrieved April 16, 2007 from www.london.edu/assets/documents/PDF/Chris_Higson_paper_IFRS.pdf Intangible assets : brand valuation, 2004, IFRS News Brand Valuation, Retrieved April 16, 2007 from www.pwc.com/gx/eng/about/svcs/corporatereporting/IFRSNewsCatalogue.pdf Lycklama, M.P., 2005, Goodwill and value creation of acquisitions, Retrieved April 16, 2007 from www.bedrijfswetenschappen.leidenuniv.nl/content_docs/PDF/goodwill_and_value_creation_of_acquisitions.pdf Nobes, C. and Parker, R., 2004, Comparative International Accounting (9th edition), Prentice Hall Radebaugh, L.H., Gray, S.J., Black, E.L., 2006, International Accounting and Multinational Enterprises, 6th edition, John Wiley and Sons, inc., USA Roberts, C, Weetman, P, and Gordon, P, 2005, International Financial Reporting: A Comparative Approach, 3rd edition, FT Prentice Hall, USA Similarities and Differences, 2005, A comparison of IFRS, US GAAP and Belgian GAAP, PriceWaterhouseCoopers, Retrieved April 16, 2007 from www.pwc.com/extweb/pwcpublications.nsf/docid/74d6c09e0a4ee610802569a1003354c8

Essay about Henry in Henry V - 518 Words

Henry in Henry V The bishops refer to Henry in the first scene as a sudden scholar who can reason in divinity. Canterbury says, The king is full of grace, and fair regard. Ely quotes and a true lover of the holy church. The two bishops, pretty much have the same view on Henry, they think highly of him. Henrys past is described by Ely and Canterbury, the two bishops. Canterbury quotes, Since his addiction was to cause vain, His companies unletterd, rude, and shallow, His hours filled with riots, banquets, sports; And never noted in him any study, And retirement any sequestration, From open haunts and popularity. Ely says, The strawberry grows†¦show more content†¦Henry asks the archbishop if he feels that it is right to invade France. He questions the archbishop asking him if his claim to the French throne is strong. In this speech we hear the king asking the archbishop and in this speech he asks for one thing above all else and that is for the archbishop to speak the truth through honesty, even if its not what the king wants to hear. King Henry also asks of the law of Salic. This is the law by which no claim can be made via the roots of a female relative, no female claim, this shows us that the king takes war very seriously. Reading this speech makes you realise that he does not want to rush things, he actually sees war as a good thing. Canterbury, involved in this speech begins his very long reply to the question. The answer is a very interesting and intriguing, detailed speech. Canterbury tells the king yes. He notifies the king, telling him that the law of Salic only applies to the Salic land and that France its self has no such restrictions to the throne. Henry then really shows us his true characteristics of being a king. 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Ownership of Digital Downloads - 1058 Words

Ownership of Digital Downloads Digital downloads are intellectual Properties of the innovators and the actual owners of the ideas uploaded online. Ownership of digital content is exclusively reserved for the copyright owners who have spent many years and others decades trying to come up with an idea. Downloading of digital content online does not make that user the owner, and as such, there are no rights that have been transferred to the user except those of using the content. For instance, a user is allowed to listen and enjoy the downloaded music, watch the movies and read the books found online but it ends at that. They cannot hold any ownership rights other than those of using it. Technology has evolved with high speed and it attracts many people especially the youths who prefer to use online downloads as opposed to tangible sources. As result, people who have produced their content such as books, music and film are attracted to upload their content online for people to buy it and then download it. Sales are better online than on the stores as it is convenient, faster and accessible. The internet provides an easy method of sale but the prices are much lower than those of purchasing a tangible content such as a book, a CD or a tape. Books, CDs and tapes carry ownership rights and can be considered the buyers property as opposed to the online copy which ownership does not leave the copyrighter. In this case, you cannot be said to own something you cannot show or hold.Show MoreRelatedThe Digital Transformation Of Communication, Information And Entertainment Media Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesNew Media is the digital transformation of communication, information and entertainment media, including music (Giddings, 2). 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Budgeting Requirement And Plan Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3018 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Originally Briscoes was established in Wolverhampton, England in year 1781. Then they expanded their business to Australia and New Zealand. In 1862 Briscoes warehouse and store was established in Dunedin, corner of Princes and Jetty Street. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Budgeting Requirement And Plan Business Essay" essay for you Create order That was the year of gold rush in New Zealand and Briscoes supplied everything from picks and shovels for gold miners, iron to construct wharves, dynamite to open tunnels and reclaim land. They also used to sell the crockery, lamps and cutlery for colonial homes. They even used to sell red tiled roofs that adorn thousands of New Zealand homes and businesses as well as magnificent pressed steel ceilings that grace thousands of villas. In 1893 Briscoes decided to expand their business in New Zealand. They opened two new branches in Invercargill and Wellington and another one in Auckland in 1900. Auckland branch was used as their head office until 1960s. By 1980 Briscoes had gone through several ownership and was struggling to maintain their position in the market. The business was on the edge of bankruptcy, the company was at loss over $2 milliion. This was when there was change of leadership at Briscoes and Rod Duke, originally born in England, grow up in Australia took over as a mana ging director. It was Dukes responsibility to generate cash if he wanted to spend in the business. Then he discovered that there were lots of unsold stocks which were in stores for over 12 months. To maintain Briscoes slogan New Zealands lowest priced discounter for the future, he reduced the price for most of the product by 10% or 25% and they would have promotions like One Day Sale, Briscoes Untouchable One Day Sale or Superhero One Day Sale on Fridays to get customers to Biscoes. In 1990 Rod Duke bought Briscoes and by this time Briscoes was fully back on track. They opened another retail store in Manukau, they also needed the new face of the company and choose Tammy Wells. She is the lady on all Briscoes advertisement on tv, catalogues and companys radio spots. Having Mitre10 and Placemakers around, Briscoes dropped their hardware lines and childrens toys. In 1996 Briscoes opened their first sister company Rebel Sports at Panmure which sells all sports gear. Following year th ey opened another branch in Manukau. By 2001 they had 28 Briscoes stores and 11 Rebel Sports stores throughout New Zealand. In 2006 Briscoes had purchased another company Living Giving, they had nine stores. By 2010 Briscoes has gone into recession and they had to do lots of cost cutting. Their Riccarton stores in Christchurch were also damaged in 2011 earthquake and had been demolished. By 2012 their Briscoes Rebel Sport stores in Christchurch were operational again on the same site. The company also moved onto online sales which was a success. 2012 Briscoes celebrated 150 years in New Zealand and their turnover was up 8% and profits were up 27%. One the share market, the company chares obediently climbed 14 cent. Now Briscoes Group has 80 store networks of Briscoes Homeware, Rebel Sports, and Living and Giving with 1750 loyal and supportive staff. Briscoes is focused on delivering value to its customers. Even though Briscoes Group is such a big company, they still lack corpor ate culture. After carefully analysing the company, the team was confident that Briscoes Group Ltd lacked organisation culture. The managerial problem will be discussed in depth with the help of Natalia Devi, Human Resources Advisor we gained in depth information into the organisation structure and operation. This we can conclude from implementing few changes to improve the organisational culture will make in multimillion dollar company move recognisable terms of customer service and a brand that will be recoganised for its corporate culture and that will not only lead to customer confidence but also create a brand name. Statement of Problem The problem is lack of corporate culture in Biscoes Group and it is an internal problem to Briscoes. Its a communication breakdown between store management to store staff. 1.11 Nature of the Business Briscoes Group Ltd is a retail business. They owned 3 types of retail stores; Briscoes Homeware, Rebel sports and Living Giving. Now Briscoes Homeware and Living Giving are combined together. Briscoes Homeware has a wide range of products. They sells everything that customers need to set up their home example bed bath products for bedroom and bathroom, electrical appliances, kitchen ware products, dining entertaining , cleaning laundry, bags luggage, decorating accessories, outdoor living and furniture storage products. Briscoes try to bring cheap and low discounted products to its customers. Rebel Sports product range are all sports related products such as sports clothing, footwear, sports gears, exercise fitness products, camping fishing, games and accessories and swimming watersports product with quality brand names. 1.12 Organisation culture Organisations have directors, managers and employees which forms a team. Then they form a culture for every employee to follow. There are values, behaviours that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organisation. In general organisations have certain values, policies procedures, rules and guidelines which help them create their own image. At the moment Briscoes Groups culture is more laid back then being corporate. So far Briscoes has non corporate culture. 1.13 Organisation Structure In organisation structure each individual is given a position with different responsibilities for them to operate and perform towards the organisations objective by following the standard operating procedures and policies, which involves them to participate in decision making processes. Managing DirectorsBriscoes Group organisation structure is from top senior management, board of director, chief operating officer, general operations (business) manager, then its store management retail manager, assistant manager. Last are store staffs, they are sales assistant, office administration staff and store person. Chief Operating Officer Senior Management Operation/ Business Manager Assistant Manager Retail Manager Store Management Office Administration Sales Assistant Checkout staff 1.14 Product(s), Service(s) Target Market(s) Briscoes Homeware has a very wide range of products as discussed above in nature of business. They have both seasonal products and daily used products as well and Rebel Sports has all sports wears clothings and gears with good brand name like Adidas, Nike, and Puma etc. The Service they provide is online shopping with various payment types such as American Express, Visa card, Master Cards. You can shop online and as well as in store. They also deliver products with in New Zealand which takes at least three to five working days but they do have respected delivery charge based on weight and size of the product. For returning products they provide 30 working days from the date of purchase. If the goods are faulty they replace, send for repair or refund the money using the original payment method. Briscoes sell gift vouchers as well. This makes customers job easier. If they have difficulty in using the product for gift, they can buy gift card or voucher so that the person can purchase anything of their choice from any Briscoes stores. There stores are everywhere in New Zealand and their target market is people from the age of seventeen and above individuals, families and households. Briscoes products are very low price. They also promise their customers that if they find the same product in other store on lower price then Briscoes, they will beat it by 10%. Their brand slogan is Youll never buy better. For Rebel Sports, their target market includes kids and adults who are into sports or like to have branded clothing sportswears. 1.20 Business Management Problem The problem is internal problem. Its a communication breakdown between the store management store staff. The problem was identified while shopping at Briscoes. It was strange to see the communication between the manager and the staff. There was no professionalism at all being such a big company. Due to the lack of professionalism, it made me think whether I am buying the right thing or not. There was a variety of product range. The service was provided by manager and he had a great knowledge of product. To my amusement he used in appropriate words to communicate with the counter staff to close the final sale. Words he used were Hey you put this sale through and without saying thank you he walked away. The way he spoke to other staffs were so unprofessional even the staff who were below the age of 25 were using in appropriate words in front of other customers. This concludes that Briscoes Group Ltd has in effective organisational culture (Corporate culture). 1.21 Research Question / Problem To elaborate this we have highlighted issues such as how can poor communications between manager and staff led to crisis for the organisation. 1.22 Classification Crisis / Non Crisis Communication is very important for the organisation. The corporate culture involves certain values, rules or behaviour within and outside the business. Through communication managers can elaborate the policies and procedures of the company to staffs and it binds them together. If the corporate culture is not strong and there is miss communication or poor communication, this might affect achieving the companys goal or even threaten the companys existence. Crisis can have negative impact on the company. The manger doesnt respect or appreciate employees work. This way the employee will have negative feeling towards the manager and wont perform well. This will affect both internally and externally and the companys name will be affected. 1.23 Objectives To know the organisation Briscoes Group Ltd. To understand the organisation culture and its impact on the employee and customers. To identify the managerial issue within the organisation and to analyse the implication of the managerial issue. To analyse provide recommendation solutions to the managerial issue identified. The purpose is to analyse the managerial issues that provide the group in sight of how an organisation culture impact its employees customers. To monitor the recommendation solution in order to ensure that the Briscoes Group ltd holds the majority of the market not only known by its profit sales but known as a company that portraits a culture that highlights the corporate between the manager employee. 1.24 Justification for conducting research The reason we chose this topic is: While shopping in Briscoe one of the group members identified that they have a managerial problem. The managers communication was unprofessional with the staff for such a big company. Communication plays a very important role in organisational culture both internal and external environment of the organisation. In effective communication can be a crisis for the organisation. It can bring a company down to its closure. Research will be done to improve this issue for Briscoes Group Ltd. 1.25 Perceived Drawbacks / Benefits of project This project will help to improve the relationship between store manager and the store employees and their work environment. The employees will get more motivated and encourage working for Briscoes Group Ltd and Briscoes will maintain its name in the market. 2.0 Project Plan A letter will be written to Briscoes Group Ltd asking for their approval to do research on their company and get approval to interview the manager, staff and customers. Identify the problem which they are facing then come up with ideas and solutions to be recommended so that they can overcome the problem. 2.1 Scope of study We are doing this research proposal as it is a required assessment for our Applied Management course. We have to identify a managerial problem in Briscoes Group Ltd. How we can evaluate this problem and find solutions for the organisation and help them to improve the performance of their manager employee. 2.2 Proposed Problem Solving Method The problem solving method we will use is Kepner-Tregoes which is appropriate for this research because. Its step by step method will help quickly and correctly to solve lots of organisations issues. The will help each and every individual in an organisation to efficiently organise information, analyse the situation and take action. There are seven steps to solve the problem and decision making. Decision making process starts when the manager is able to identify the problem. In Briscoes Group Ltd the problem is the in appropriate use of language and in professionalism at work. The research team has identified that Briscoes Group Ltd has inefficient communication issues and the problems that can arise from it. Lack of training provided by the manager and not showing professionalism at work. The research team will develop potential alternatives by using brainstorming techniques. The group will work together to provide ideas and substitute solutions. The theory behind this techniqu e is it encourages thinking out of the box example like doing something extra, steps like survey questions, interviewing manager and personal observation to produce alternatives. Third step alternative will be analyzed. This step is to decide the relative virtues of each idea. Fourth step is to choose the best alternative or solutions. Evaluate the problem and decide and plan procedures to how it can be implement on manager and employees. Last step is after implementing the solution, it must be monitored by senior management that its been followed and the company is making progress. 2.21 Steps in PSM Define and Identify the Problem Analyze the Problem Identifying Possible Solutions Selecting the Best Solutions Evaluating Solutions Develop an Action Plan Implement the Solution 2.22 Other Management concept / tools The research team will use four functions of management concept. Its called PLOC framework, planning, organising, leading and controlling. The group will do planning by setting up a goal and evaluate how to reach the goal. Then organise the work between each group members and then they will gather information. We will meet once a week and discuss the information gathered, consider it and see that all members are going in the same path by leading them. Try to finish our research on time by controlling it. 2.3 Perceived Limitation of Research Process I think the above problem solving and decision making method and its steps will make it very easy to identify and find solutions for the managerial problem and management concept will help us to submit our project on time. 2.31 Resources Needed The research should be completed within 14 weeks. To complete these task ,the group members will need access to computer, the internet, notes given by the tutor, research about the company whereby will need transportation and also support from the tutor. 2.32 Budgeting requirement Plan All members in the group will contribute $15 each to meet the cost of the whole assignment. The estimated total cost for this assignment would be as follows: Income $60.00 Expenses Travelling $30.00 Photocopying $3.00 Stationery $5.00 Printing $10.00 General Expenses $12.00 General Expenses will be for any small expenses that come across while doing the assignment. 2.33 Time Plan / Activity Plan The group will make list of all activities that has to be done. The task was divided amongst the group members/allocated and given certain time to be completed. Pritika will interview the HR advisor, Rizwaan will interview the staff, Nalini will interview the customers and Roneel will do observation with his observation checklist. 2.34 Perceived Limitation / Benefits (of above Resources, budget and activity plan is made so that all members will have equal contribution of their money, time and work. It will make work easy as well. 3.0 Research Methodology The information research will be collected by using questionnaire, interviews and personal observation. The research team consists of four members. The team will meet regularly to prepare the questionnaires and interview questions .Each instrument will be scrutinized and pretested to do necessary changes so that the data collected will be reliable .Each member is allocated a responsibility .One of the member is responsible for collating and typing the data .second member is allocated the plan and arrange interview schedule and also make a backup plan if the respondents are not available. The third member will analyze the data and present it in table and graph form. The forth member is going gather companies back grounds, histories and current states of the company .The team will together discuss the data and develop solutions and recommendations .Letters will be written to the HR advisor of Briscoes companies for permission to carry out the research and making the results availa ble to the company on completion .All the respondents will be letter about the purpose of the research and seeking their consent to participate. 3.1 Research Instruments The assessment techniques is possess in both validity and reliability, each research instruments will be pretested on a randomly selected respondent from the projected population .important changes will be made before using them to collect the data for the actual research . Validity and reliability is the two statistical properties used to evaluate the quality of the research instrument s .it will be done by observation, questionnaires or interview schedules 3.2 Evalualation of accuracy The problem stated above and by following the method to solve this problem and the information which will be collected will help us to come up with various ideas, to help Briscoes Group Ltd to improve their staff performance. Literature Review Many companies are now investing more into providing their staff with training in order to improve quality and quantity of their product and services. In retail competitive business, management s are more depended on store manager and employees performance. According to inkson and Kolb (2008), Maslows hierarchy of needs an appropriate method of identifying employee needs so that strategies for motivating employees are effective. Samson and Daft (2008) suggest employees come from many different cultures, different parts of the world with different experience, requires cultural sensitivity. Statistical Method Analyses Group will interview manager, staff, and customers as well as will do observation. Then the group will sit together and anlyse all the problems they are facing. Then will find solutions to overcome the problems Ethical Issue The proposal letter will be written to the HR advisor of the company for his/her permission to conduct further research. The research will be continued after the permission is granted by the manager. The responds will also be explained about the research purpose and it will be used as a source of data if they are interest to give information based on the research.

Discrimination And Psychiatric Disorders Among Older...

Ada Delpino African Americans Discrimination and psychiatric disorders among older African Americans INTRODUCTION: Mouzon, D. M., Taylor, R. J., Keith, V. M., Nicklett, E. J., Chatters, L. M. (2016). Discrimination and psychiatric disorders among older African Americans. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. It is with extreme sadness that I read this article. The thought, that an entire population of people exist every day feeling less than, treated less than and receive less than their white counterparts for no other reason than the color of their skin, is sickening. Then to find that many disorders and mental health issues are the result of this treatment is beyond horrifying. The purpose of this article is to determine how racial and non-racial discrimination affect the mental health and psychiatric disorders regarding older African Americans. A population of people who have dealt with years of segregation, poor education, poor housing and unfair treatment in the workplace. Major discrimination is defined as occurrences that involve being denied or severely limited in access to opportunities in important life domains such as work, housing, and education (Williams et al., 1997). I will focus on what is considered everyday discrimination, three disorders that are relevant to discrimination along with the results for these cohorts. Methods: The Program for Research on Black Americans at the University of Michigan performed 6082 inShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Geography On Mental Health Service Use And Care1552 Words   |  7 Pages(2013), examined racial and ethnic disparities in older black and white adults and the role of geography in mental health service use and care. The critique of this article examined disparities addressed but also the lack of other minorities suffering lack of mental health service use. 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ESL teaching methodologies Free Essays

The techniques and approaches found in TESOL differ dramatically from those of other areas of teaching because of its student centred and dynamic nature. Furthermore, since TESOL takes place in a multicultural environment; that is, the ESL classroom, intercultural aspects should also be considered, addressed, and ideally, taught. As a result, the cultural diversity found in TESOL and the interactive nature of this field of teaching has an impact on the way language is presented and practised. We will write a custom essay sample on ESL teaching methodologies or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to the online articled Why to activate your ESL students’ Background Schema, published by Laura Greenwood (2011) on bridgetefl. com, â€Å"it is important to activate your students’ experiences with and knowledge of the topic of the listening/ reading†. By activating students’ schematta, the teacher is not only directing the students into the topic and creating interest in it but also encouraging them to use language in context. Additionally, experienced and creative ESL teachers may be able to pre-teach contextualized vocabulary whilst activating students’ schematta because any unknown lexical items found in listening and reading passages are in fact related to the topic of the text/listening, so the teacher has a context to teach (elicit) these words. Another important strategy adopted by ESL teachers is language elicitation. Rather than introducing a word by saying: â€Å"this is a word and that is what it means† or teaching a grammar point by simply telling the students its rules and form, TESOL teachers often use an essential technique called elicitation, through which students can be involved in the process of discovering and understanding anguage; that is, the teacher uses different techniques to elicit lexical items or grammatical structures that they want to introduce to their students. However, it is usually the case that ESL learners may not know the word or grammatical item that the teacher is trying to elicit, but they will at least know the concept of the linguistic item intended to be taught, which is still relevant, because knowing the concept of a word or grammar point is considered to be as important as knowing the form. Eliciting† (2009, section 4) states that there are cultures where students are more sed to a teacher centred way of knowledge instruction, which means that they see the teacher as the only person who has the authority to provide knowledge, therefore when eliciting language, TESOL teachers should consider the fact that students from these cultures are less likely to actively participate when the class are asked open questions (who can tell me†¦? Does anybody know†¦? ), and instead try to nominate students to answer questions more often. In fact, the ideal ESL teacher is described by Harmer, J. (2007, p. 08) as â€Å"one who is democratic rather than autocratic, and one who fosters learner autonomy through the use of group work and by acting more of a resource than a transmitter of knowledge†, which contradicts the role of the teacher in many cultures, where they are seen as the sole provider of knowledge. However, when activating schematta and eliciting language, which are essential techniques adopted in TESOL, the students’ input is vital, and in order to achieve that, different teachers with different personalities and teaching styles use different techniques to It is common knowledge that language and culture are interrelated, and through the language, English in this regard, ESL learners can, or ideally they should, acquire intercultural knowledge in order to communicate more competently. With this concept in mind, Ability English – an ELICOS centre in Sydney – included an intercultural communication program in their syllabus. Nicholas Kirk, who is the director of studies and designed the course, argues that â€Å"it is almost impossible to teach language in isolation from culture†, therefore he believes that cross-cultural ommunication should be taught in order to help ESL students use their language skills more effectively. Role plays, group activities, reading and listening passages, videos, among other resources and types of activities can be used to practise language skills (speaking, listening, reading, writing) and other linguistics elements, such as grammar, lexis, and pronunciation, while training students so that they can achieve intercultural competence. In other words, ESL teachers can raise students’ awareness to cross-cultural areas, including eye contact, personal space, body anguage, face-saving, individualism and collectivism, and concurrently, or possibly subsequently, use the contextualized content to practise and/or introduce language, enhancing not only their students’ language skills but also their interpersonal and interactional effectiveness. Having the language skills is undoubtedly necessary in order to be in contact with people from different cultures, but understanding such cultures is also important in this globalized world, especially in the workplace, since the ultimate goal of ESL learners is to be able to use English to successfully ommunicate with people from other cultural backgrounds. Considering the fact that TESOL allows more flexibility than in other fields of teaching, and that language is a vital element of culture, linguistic and cross-cultural aspects may be taught in conjunction by ESL teachers. In sum, I would like to stress that the teacher’s knowledge of the linguistic items being taught is unarguably important in TESOL, as it is in all areas of teaching; however, in the ESL teaching context, it is equally important to use a variety of ethods and strategies to get the students to actively participate in their learning process, since the ESL classroom is an environment where the focus is on the students, rather than on the teacher, resulting in more STT than TTT, which is a primary concept in TESOL. ESL students have one goal in common: to learn English to be able to communicate with people from different cultures, but due to multicultural nature of ESL classes, TESOL teachers need to be culturally sensitive, and if possible, in addition to teaching language, devote some time to training their students to be ore inter-culturally competent to help them use language in a multicultural context more effectively. How to cite ESL teaching methodologies, Papers

Brief Description Of Edward Teller Essay Example For Students

Brief Description Of Edward Teller Essay Edward TellerEdward Teller is a Hungarian-American physicist, known for his work on the hydrogen bomb. Teller was born in Budapest in 1908, and was educated in Germany at the Institute of Technology in Karlsruhe and at the universities of Munich and Leipzig. He received his Ph. D. in physics in 1930. After working at the University of Goettingen with James Frank and at the Niels Bohr Institute, he became Professor of Physics at the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. in 1935. In 1941 he became an American citizen. In the same year he joined the U.S. atomic bomb development project known as the Manhattan Project. For more than a decade he worked with the Italian-born physicist Enrico Fermi on this and succeeding projects at Columbia University, at the University of Chicago, and at Los Alamos, New Mexico. Edward Teller managed Los Alamos research on the Super, as he called the hydrogen bomb. Destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan and the end of World War II slowed Super research. Teller, a strong anti-Communist and sensitive to U.S. and Soviet relations, pushed unsuccessfully to accelerate work on a super-bomb. He was frustrated by the post-war direction of Los Alamos. He accepted a University of Chicago professorship and left Los Alamos in October 1945. In April 1946, Teller returned to Los Alamos and led a secret conference on the Super. The conference reviewed his earlier work on fusion, which led to his full-time return to Los Alamos in 1949 to continue research on the hydrogen bomb. On January 31, 1950, President Truman approved hydrogen bomb development and testing, partly as a result of the first Soviet atomic test the previous August. In 1952 he became professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, and director of the Livermore, California, division of the universitys radiation laboratory (now Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory). He was the principal architect of the hydrogen bomb, first tested in 1952, and he strongly advocated that the United States continue the testing of thermonuclear weapons. He also made contributions to the application of nuclear explosives to peaceful uses. From 1954 to 1958, he served as Associate Director at the new Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. He became a consultant to the laboratory in 1952.In 1975 he retired from teaching, but remained director emeritus of the radiation laboratory. After working on the production of the atomic bomb in the Manhattan Project, Edward Teller went on to become the principal designer of the hydrogen bomb. He remained a steadfast advocate of nuclear weapons testing throughout his life. In recent years, Teller has championed the Star Wars missile defense system, despite the fact that such a system is very expensive and has no conceivable way of working. Teller has written a few books. His books include Conversations on the Dark Secrets of Physics (Plenum Press, 1991), Better a Shield Than a Sword (Free Press, 1987), Pursuit of Simplicity (Pepperdine Press, 1980), and Energy from Heaven and Earth (W. H. Freeman, 1979). Teller has received numerous honors, among them the Albert Einstein Award, the Enrico Fermi Award, the Harvey Prize from the Technion-Israel Institute, and the National Medal of Science.Biographies